Stimulating, thought-provoking analysis of a number of the most interesting intellectual inconsistencies in mathematics, physics, and language. Delightful elucidations of methods for misunderstanding the real world of experiment (Aristotle's Circle paradox), being led astray by algebra (De Morgan's paradox), and other mind-benders. 1982 edition.
Here's a sample of other books in this Dover category
The Historical Roots of Elementary Mathematics by Lucas N. H. Bunt, Phillip S. Jones, Jack D. Bedient Exciting, hands-on approach to understanding fundamental underpinnings of modern arithmetic, algebra, geometry and number systems examines their origins in early Egyptian, Babylonian, and Greek sources.
A Source Book in Mathematics by David Eugene Smith The writings of Newton, Leibniz, Pascal, Riemann, Bernouilli, and others in a comprehensive selection of 125 treatises, articles from the Renaissance to the end of the 19th century. Number, algebra, geometry, probability, calculus, more.
The Fourth Dimension Simply Explained by Henry P. Manning Twenty-two essays examine the fourth dimension: how it may be studied, its relationship to non-Euclidean geometry, analogues to three-dimensional space, its absurdities and curiosities, and its simpler properties. 1910 edition.
Mathematical Physics: A Popular Introduction by Francis Bitter Reader-friendly guide offers illustrative examples of the rules of physical science and how they were formulated. Direct, nontechnical terms explain methods of fact gathering, analysis, and experimentation. 60 figures. 1963 edition.
Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions by Edwin A. Abbott Classic of science (and mathematical) fiction — charmingly illustrated by the author — describes the adventures of A. Square, a resident of Flatland, in Spaceland (three dimensions), Lineland (one dimension), and Pointland (no dimensions).