This classic introduces the concepts and uses of probability theory. It demonstrates, without the use of higher mathematics, the application of probability to games of chance, physics, reliability of witnesses, astronomy, insurance, democratic government, and many other areas. It also shows how scientists can express complex ideas in simple terms.
The Development of Mathematics by E. T. Bell One of the 20th century's foremost scholars surveys the role of mathematics in civilization, describing the main principles, methods, and theories of mathematics from 4000 B.C. to 1945. 1945 edition.
A Concise History of Mathematics by Dirk J. Struik Revised 4th edition covers major mathematical ideas and techniques from ancient Near East to 20th-century computer theory. Work of Archimedes, Pascal, Gauss, Hilbert, etc.
A Source Book in Mathematics by David Eugene Smith The writings of Newton, Leibniz, Pascal, Riemann, Bernouilli, and others in a comprehensive selection of 125 treatises, articles from the Renaissance to the end of the 19th century. Number, algebra, geometry, probability, calculus, more.
Statistical and Inductive Probabilities by Hugues Leblanc This treatment addresses a decades-old dispute among probability theorists, asserting that both statistical and inductive probabilities may be treated as sentence-theoretic measurements, and that the latter qualify as estimates of the former. 1962 edition.
