|  |  The Prince
by Niccolò Machiavelli
Classic, Renaissance-era guide to acquiring and maintaining political power. Today, nearly 500 years after it was written, this calculating prescription for autocratic rule continues to be much read and studied.
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|
 Poetics
by Aristotle
Extraordinarily influential treatise on fine art contains seminal ideas on nature of drama, tragedy, poetry, music and more. Catharsis, tragic flaw, unities of time and place, other concepts.
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| |  Nicomachean Ethics
by Aristotle
Enduringly profound treatise, whose lasting effect on Western philosophy continues to resonate. Aristotle identifies the goal of life as happiness and discusses its attainment through the contemplation of philosophic truth.
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 The Republic
by Plato
Influential philosophical treatise of 4th century BC chiefly concerns the idea of justice, plus Platonic theories of ideas, criticism of poetry, philosopher's role. Source of the cave myth. Jowett translation.
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| |  Gorgias and Timaeus
by Plato
Gorgias addresses the temptations of success and the rewards of a moral life while Timaeus explains the world in terms not only of physical laws but also of metaphysical and religious principles.
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| |  Discourses (Books 3 and 4)
by Epictetus, P. E. Matheson,
In this compilation of Books 3 and 4 of Epictetus' Discourses, the philosopher discusses the quest for freedom, solitude, cynicism, fear, discretion, the avoidance of quarrels, and other subjects of enduring interest.
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 Discourses (Books 1 and 2)
by Epictetus, P. E. Matheson,
These discussions between an ancient Greek teacher of Stoicism and his students offer secular thinkers a mode of reasoning that dismisses the strictures of absolutism and emotionalism in exchange for a more peaceful life.
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